Global Employment Landscape: Shifting Perspectives on AI's Impact and Opportunities
There is a noticeable shift happening globally from fear and uncertainty towards a greater understanding and acceptance of the potential opportunities and challenges brought forth by AI.
A look at the global employment landscape last week indicated that, despite concerns surrounding job displacement due to artificial intelligence (AI), the number of jobs lost to machines remained relatively low compared to earlier weeks. Additionally, the customary surveys by enterprises and reports from experts continued to be published, presenting a diverse range of perspectives. Although the findings varied, the prevailing sentiment in most of them was not to harbor excessive fear regarding the proliferation of AI.
Furthermore, the current seems to be perceptibly shifting away from apprehension or dread of AI to understanding and embracing the opportunities and challenges presented by AI. In fact, this mood seems to be growing every week, starting the middle of June.
Clearly, this signifies a growing awareness and a more nuanced understanding of the impact of AI on employment. As AI continues to advance, I would like to believe that ongoing research, open dialogue, and proactive measures will be crucial to effectively navigate the evolving landscape of AI-driven transformations in the job market.
Before we start, let’s take a look at this week’s “AI Job Impact Indicator”.
In Today’s Newsletter:
Global Survey Reveals Most Participants Believe AI Will Transform Job Performance
Urban Indians Express Diverse Perspectives on the Impact of AI: Survey
Survey Shows 27% of Jobs Facing High Automation Risk Due to AI
New York City Implements Legislation to Regulate Automated Employment Decision Tools
Publisher “G/O Media” Embraces Power of Generative AI in Media Innovation
Indian Startup Reduces Support Staff by 90%
Unity CEO Predicts "Transformation" of Gaming Industry Driven by Generative AI
Tata Consultancy Services to Train 25,000 Employees in AI Skills
Indian IT Company Wipro Launches "Wipro ai360" Innovation Ecosystem
Report Says India Lagging in AI Transformation
The Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Draw Lessons from Past Innovations, Says Bill Gates
OpenAI’s New Project
AI-Text Detection Tools Fall Short of Expectations
“VanillaNet”: A Simplified Neural Network Architecture for Efficient Computer Vision
“Quantexa” to Have London AI Innovation Centre
These Jobs Are Bound to Change Because of AI: Bernard Marr
Glossary of AI Words
China to Establish National Standard for Large Language Models
Global Alliance on Artificial Intelligence for Industry and Manufacturing Officially Launches
Eliassi-Rad Honored with Esteemed Lagrange Prize-CRT Foundation for AI Research
Majority of Respondents in Global Survey Think AI Will Alter Job Performance. 36% Think It Will Replace Them
The News: A survey by Ipsos Global Advisor spanning 31 countries unveiled a range of sentiments among adults regarding products and services that incorporated artificial intelligence.
The Details: Interestingly, almost an equal proportion of respondents expressed nervousness (52%) and excitement (54%) about AI implementations. Notably, nervousness experienced the most significant increase compared to the previous Ipsos survey conducted 18 months prior. Conversely, knowledge about the types of products and services that utilize AI remains relatively consistent despite the surge in new AI applications.
The survey highlighted the ongoing contrast between AI-enthusiastic emerging markets and AI-wary high-income countries. Trust and excitement towards AI were higher among younger generations, especially Generation Z, and individuals with higher income or education levels.
Most participants across all 31 countries admitted they anticipated “profound changes” in their daily lives due to AI-powered products and services in the coming years. While there was optimism surrounding time management and entertainment options, concerns about potential negative impacts on employment are widespread. On average, 57% of workers expected AI to alter how they performed their current job, and 36% anticipated their current job being replaced by AI.
The survey, conducted between May 26 and June 9, 2023 involved 22,816 adults under the age of 75. It utilized the Ipsos Global Advisor online survey platform in 30 countries, with face-to-face interviews conducted predominantly in India.
What It Really Means: Simply put, this survey supports the perception that, as of today, people have mixed feelings about AI. Some are understandably nervous about it, while others are excited. But what's interesting is that more people are leaning towards nervousness than before. But most people still do not have a deep understanding of the specific AI products and services available today. It is also obvious that youngsters should feel much more excited than others, so also those with higher income or education. Those who are working in blue-collar jobs or comparatively lesser educated are either not interested in the developments or fear losing their jobs to AI.
Source: Ipsos
Same Survey Reveals Urban Indians' Mixed Sentiments Towards AI Impact
The same survey also shed light on the attitudes of urban Indians towards the impact of AI on various aspects of their lives. India and China represent two of the biggest employment markets in the world.
According to the survey, six out of ten urban Indians expressed concern about the potential consequences of AI on products and services. Additionally, half of the respondents feared that AI could potentially replace their current jobs. However, a substantial 62% believed that their existing jobs could be transformed by the impact of AI.
Notably, the survey showed urban Indians had a high level of awareness regarding AI. Around 64% claimed to have a good understanding of AI, while 62% indicated familiarity with products and services that utilized AI.
The sentiments towards AI among the Indian respondents were diverse. While 65% anticipated changes in their daily lives within the next three to five years as a result of AI-powered products and services, 66% expressed excitement about using such offerings. However, a significant 58% also admitted to feeling nervous about products and services incorporating AI.
Despite the mixed emotions surrounding AI, a majority of the respondents (65%) believe that products and services utilizing AI would bring more benefits than drawbacks. This indicated a general inclination towards optimism and a recognition of the potential advantages associated with AI implementation.
Source: Indian Express
27% of Jobs at High Risk of Automation Due to AI: Survey
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has revealed that around 27% of jobs in OECD countries face a high risk of automation due to the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence.
This estimation was based on jobs that heavily relied on more than 25 of the 100 skills and abilities identified by AI experts as easily automatable. OECD is an international organization having representatives from countries like the US. It works to build better policies for better lives, with the stated goal of fostering prosperity and equal opportunities for all. While the current impact of AI on jobs remains relatively modest, the OECD warned of substantial risks posed by automation, particularly in specific regions.
The highest vulnerability to job automation was observed in eastern European countries.
OECD Secretary General Mathias Cormann has stressed the importance of policy actions to shape the impact of AI on the workforce. His suggestions include governments assisting workers in preparing for these transformative changes and ensuring that they have access to the opportunities brought about by AI.
What’s more interesting is that the OECD further recommended implementing measures such as minimum wages, collective bargaining, and safeguarding workers' rights to address potential wage pressures and promote fair treatment.
Source: Reuters
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New York City Enforces Automated Employment Decision Tool Law
New York City recently enacted the Automated Employment Decision Tool law, compelling employers who utilize AI and machine learning technology in their hiring processes to conduct annual audits of their recruitment systems. Non-compliance with this law may result in fines ranging from $500 to $1,500 per violation.
This could have far-reaching consequences on the hiring processes in other US States, too, believe experts. The reach of this legislation extends beyond local organizations, as remote work opens the possibility for candidates from New York City to apply for positions in non-local companies, potentially leading to the implementation of similar laws in other cities.
The regulation of AI tools in the hiring domain is not limited to New York City. Various US states are contemplating their own regulations in this area. The New Jersey Assembly is deliberating the imposition of limits on AI tools unless employers can demonstrate that bias audits have been conducted. Maryland and Illinois have proposed laws that prohibit the use of facial recognition and video analysis tools during job interviews without the consent of candidates. The California Fair Employment and Housing Council is also exploring mandates to prohibit the use of AI tools and tests that may unfairly screen applicants based on protected characteristics such as race, gender, and ethnicity.
Source: Bloomberg
*Do Not Miss: ChatGPT's Explosive Growth Shows First-ever Traffic Decline
Publisher “G/O Media” Embraces Generative AI in Media
Like any other sector, generative artificial intelligence is also rapidly making its way into the media realm. So jobs are bound to go or be altered.
Last week, prominent publisher “G/O Media” was reported to have initiated the use of generative AI to create editorial content.
Reports quoted a recent email shared with staff wherein editorial director Merrill Brown outlined the venture as a limited trial focusing on generating a small number of stories for popular publishers like AV Club, Gizmodo, The Takeout, and Deadspin. The primary objective of this experiment was to produce content that the company's staff typically disliked creating, such as mundane lists of the best sandwiches in each state.
Reports said the initial articles generated through this AI system would not be featured prominently on the home pages of G/O Media's sites. But by leveraging generative AI, G/O Media aimed to automate the production of specific types of content, freeing up human resources for more complex and creative tasks while capitalizing on the potential of this emerging technology in the media landscape.
Source: Ad Week
Indian Startup Slashes Support Staff by 90% After Deploying AI-Powered Chatbot for Customer Assistance
Summit Shah, CEO of a Bangalore-based e-commerce company, “Dukaan”, announced that his startup had decided to bid farewell to 90% of the support staff.
This decision followed the successful implementation of a cutting-edge chatbot empowered by AI. Summit took to Twitter to unveil the impressive capabilities of the chatbot, highlighting its lightning-fast response time in handling customer queries. Unlike his human employees, who took an average of 1 minute and 44 seconds to respond, the chatbot generated instantaneous initial responses, he pointed out.
The chatbot was developed by one of Dukaan's skilled data scientists within a mere two days.
Source: CNN.com
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Generative AI Set to “Transform” the Gaming Industry, Says Unity CEO
Like in other fields, experts believe that the advent of generative AI holds immense promise for revolutionizing the landscape of the video game industry. It could soon usher in an era characterized by expedited and resource-efficient creation of captivating gaming worlds.
John Riccitiello, CEO of Unity, a leading software provider, anticipates that generative AI has the potential to slash development time by an impressive factor of five to 10. This transformative technology streamlines the design process across various aspects, including the behavior of non-playable characters, environmental intricacies, and mesmerizing lighting effects.
Riccitiello also envisions AI tools playing a pivotal role in expediting video game testing, fine-tuning, and debugging by simulating in-game scenarios more effectively. He emphasizes that AI's integration will pave the way for faster, cost-effective, and overall superior game production.
But as AI's influence grows, so do concerns about job security. Recently, Hollywood TV and film writers went on a strike to address the perceived threat of AI tools replacing their roles. What are the chances of this happening in the gaming industry?
Riccitiello argues that AI's rise will not result in mass layoffs within the gaming industry. Instead, he believes that AI will empower workers, enabling them to harness its capabilities and augment their productivity and creativity.
This CEO envisions a future where humans utilize AI as a tool to unlock their full potential and craft even more immersive and engaging gaming experiences. He asserts that the most ambitious companies will leverage AI to push the boundaries of entertainment further than ever before.
For those who are not aware, about 70% of mobile games rely on Unity software.
Source: Decrypt.co
India’s Tata Consultancy to Provide AI Training to 25k Employees
Tata Consultancy Services, an Indian IT company, last week announced its ambitious plan to provide training to 25,000 engineers for Microsoft's Azure Open AI certification. This strategic move signifies TCS's commitment to equipping professionals with the necessary skills to excel in the fast-growing field of artificial intelligence.
Additionally, TCS unveiled its latest offering, the Generative AI Enterprise adoption solution, aimed at catering to the increasing demand for AI implementation among its clients.
Source: Reuters
Indian IT Co Wipro Unveils Innovation Ecosystem “Wipro ai360”
Indian IT services company Wipro has introduced “Wipro ai360”, an innovative ecosystem that prioritizes the integration of AI across all internal platforms, tools, and solutions, as well as offerings to clients. That’s how Wipro plans to harness the power of AI and generative AI to enhance value, productivity, and commercial opportunities within the company.
The launch of Wipro ai360 was accompanied by a significant commitment from the company to invest $1 billion over the next three years in the development of AI solutions.
Source: The Times Of India
India's AI Transformation Lags: Report Reveals Only 1 in 10 Companies Have Enhanced AI Capabilities
The News: A recent report released by BCG X, the AI and digital transformation unit of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and the Brij Disa Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (CDSA) at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), highlights a concerning trend in India's AI landscape.
The Details: The report reveals that merely one in ten companies in the country have successfully undertaken AI transformation efforts in the past three years. Additionally, the study uncovers that India currently accounts for only approximately 4.5% of the global AI talent pool.
The report emphasizes that India's talent shortage in the AI field is poised to worsen, exacerbating the existing challenges. The scarcity of skilled AI professionals is projected to intensify, calling for urgent attention and comprehensive strategies to address this critical issue. With a growing demand for AI expertise across industries, the need to bridge the talent gap becomes even more vital to unlock the full potential of AI-driven technologies in India.
What It Means For India: Clearly, there’s a pressing need for concerted efforts from both the public and private sectors in India to foster AI education and skill development initiatives. By prioritizing investments in AI talent acquisition, training programs, and research and development, India can position itself as a global hub for AI innovation and effectively navigate the challenges posed by the AI talent crunch.
Source: The Economic Times
The Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Draw Lessons from Past Innovations, Says Bill Gates
Bill Gates has put out a new blog post on the topic of AI. He writes: The potential risks associated with AI can be daunting. What happens to individuals who lose their jobs to intelligent machines? Could AI influence election outcomes? What if a future AI decides to eliminate the need for humans altogether? These are legitimate concerns that demand serious consideration. However, history offers reassurance that we have the capacity to address and manage such risks, as we have done in the face of previous transformative innovations.
Whether it was the introduction of automobiles or the advent of personal computers and the Internet, humanity has successfully navigated through moments of significant change and ultimately emerged in a better position. Following the initial emergence of automobiles, for example, the occurrence of the first car crash did not lead to a ban on cars. Instead, society adopted measures such as speed limits, safety standards, licensing requirements, and drunk-driving laws to mitigate risks and ensure road safety.
We currently find ourselves in the early stages of another profound transformation—the Age of AI.
-Bill Gates
This era bears resemblance to the uncertain times preceding the establishment of speed limits and seat belts. AI is evolving rapidly, and the exact course of its future trajectory remains uncertain. We confront significant questions concerning the nature of the current technology, the potential misuse by individuals with malicious intent, and the societal and individual changes that AI will bring.
While grappling with these challenges, says Bill, it’s important to recognize that humans are still learning and adapting to the possibilities and complexities of AI. As we progress, it is crucial to foster discussions, establish ethical frameworks, and enact appropriate regulations to harness the potential of AI for the benefit of society. By drawing on the lessons learned from past innovations, we can navigate the transformative power of AI, shaping it to serve humanity's best interests and collectively forge a better future.
Source: https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-risks-of-AI-are-real-but-manageable
In Preparation of Superintelligence: OpenAI’s New Project
The Development: The folks at OpenAI last week spoke of a new mission/team/project to build a roughly human-level automated alignment researcher on the way to achieving “superintelligence”.
The Details: Superintelligence refers to highly advanced AI systems that will surpass human intelligence and thus have the potential to bring about significant positive change and help solve the world's most pressing issues. But it also poses risks that could lead to the disempowerment or even extinction of humanity. The OpenAI team believes that superintelligence could become a reality within this decade.
To effectively navigate and regulate AI systems that surpass human capabilities, what is required is significant scientific and technological advancements. To effectively manage the risks associated with superintelligence, new institutions for governance and addressing the problem of aligning superintelligence with human intent will be necessary. The challenge, says OpenAI, lies in ensuring that AI systems smarter than humans adhere to human values and intentions.
Current methods for aligning AI rely on human supervision and reinforcement learning from human feedback. However, as AI systems become significantly more intelligent than humans, human supervision will no longer be reliable, and the current alignment techniques will be insufficient for superintelligence. Therefore, new scientific and technical breakthroughs are required.
To align the first automated alignment researcher, OpenAI says it will need to
1) develop a scalable training method
2) validate the resulting model
3) stress test our entire alignment pipeline.
The ultimate goal is to develop an automated alignment researcher that operates at a level comparable to human intelligence. With access to vast computational power, efforts can be scaled up and iteratively aligned with superintelligence.
What It Really Means: As and when superintelligence is born, which some experts believe is not far off, because of its potential to harm humanity, it has to be managed by humans. That involves addressing the problem of aligning superintelligence with human intent. Current alignment techniques relying on human supervision, however, will not be effective for superintelligence, necessitating new scientific and technical breakthroughs. The goal towards which OpenAI is working is to develop an automated alignment researcher that can be scaled up and iteratively aligned with superintelligence, requiring the development of scalable training methods, validation processes, and stress testing of the alignment pipeline. What will also be required is the creation of new governance institutions for the same.
Source: OpenAI
AI-Text Detection Tools Are Not As Good As They Seem
The Development: Experiments by researchers have shown that systems claiming to accurately identify AI-generated content performed poorly and were vulnerable to deception.
The Details: Emerging research, still awaiting peer review, indicates that these tools can be easily manipulated, rendering them ineffective in their purpose.
The way these tools work is to analyze AI-generated text for specific characteristics, such as repetitive patterns, and calculate the likelihood of it being machine-generated. Nevertheless, according to the researchers, these tools fall short in their efficacy.
To evaluate the capabilities of such tools, the researchers authored short essays at an undergraduate level on various topics, ensuring the absence of pre-existing online content. They also generated texts in different languages, which were then translated into English using AI translation tools.
Next, the team employed ChatGPT to generate additional texts, which they subtly modified to obfuscate their AI-generated nature. Some texts underwent manual edits by the researchers, while others were rewritten using an AI paraphrasing tool.
In total, 54 documents were scrutinized by the detection tools. The results revealed that while the tools exhibited reasonable accuracy in identifying text authored by humans, they struggled significantly when it came to detecting AI-generated text, particularly when it had undergone alterations.
Why It Matters: The findings raise concerns regarding the effectiveness of such tools in detecting AI-generated content, potentially undermining their utility in various contexts where the ability to distinguish between human and AI-generated text is paramount.
Source: Technology Review
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“VanillaNet”: A Simplified Neural Network Architecture for Efficient Computer Vision
A new artificial neural network architecture announced last week challenges established norms in foundational models, offering a fresh perspective on developing accurate and efficient models.
In a collaborative effort, researchers from Huawei Noah's Ark Lab and the University of Sydney, Australia have introduced “VanillaNet”, an innovative neural network architecture that achieves exceptional performance in computer vision applications while prioritizing elegance and simplicity in design.
VanillaNet stands out by avoiding unnecessary depth, shortcuts, and complex procedures like self-attention, resulting in a series of streamlined networks that effectively handle inherent complexity and are suitable for low-resource contexts.
The researchers developed a novel "deep training" technique to train VanillaNets effectively. This significantly enhanced the performance. In fact, VanillaNet outperforms contemporary networks with intricate topologies in terms of efficiency and precision, showcasing the potential of a straightforward deep-learning strategy.
For those interested, the PyTorch implementation of VanillaNet is available on GitHub, encouraging further exploration and adoption of this innovative approach.
Source: Marktechpost.com
“Quantexa” to Establish London AI Innovation Centre
Prominent decision intelligence company Quantexa has announced plans to establish an AI Innovation Centre in London and dedicate an additional £125m in investments towards global R&D initiatives over the next three years. This substantial investment aims to contribute total funding of over £200m by 2027.
Headquartered in London, Quantexa specializes in financial crime data and analytics, working towards empowering customers to leverage AI for enhanced protection, optimization, and growth within their organizations. With this new wave of investment, Quantexa seeks to spearhead innovation and drive progress in the application of AI across various sectors.
The establishment of the AI Innovation Centre in London will play a pivotal role in this endeavor. It is projected to generate more than 170 new job opportunities, bringing together a talented team dedicated to pushing the boundaries of AI capabilities and driving transformative solutions.
Source: Information Age
These Jobs Are Bound to Change Because of AI
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, such as ChatGPT and large language models like GPT-4, have gained significant attention, leading to concerns about the future of work. However, it is important to recognize that generative AI is a tool that can be harnessed by individuals to thrive rather than be replaced.
In this piece, internationally-acclaimed writer Bernard Marr lists some of the jobs that are certain to change, along with the tasks that should be delegated to AI. For instance, in customer service, chatbots powered by generative AI can answer inquiries, create call transcripts, and provide summaries of interactions, enabling a quick understanding of customer issues.
In the healthcare sector, doctors and health professionals can utilize generative AI to generate and summarize medical reports based on patient data.
Architects can input relevant information, such as site dimensions and building regulations, into generative AI systems to generate design ideas.
Additionally, generative language-based AI is proficient in creating both computer code and human languages, making it useful for coding tasks, technical documentation, and as a tutor to enhance coding skills.
Overall, says Bernard, generative AI offers a range of opportunities across various industries, empowering individuals to utilize its capabilities to enhance their work rather than fearing replacement.
Source: Bernard Marr
Glossary of AI Words
If you want to keep abreast with the latest terminology in the world of AI, do read this article.
China to Establish National Standard for Large Language Models in AI Regulation
Chinese authorities have unveiled plans to introduce a national standard specifically for large language models (LLMs) as part of their broader efforts to regulate artificial intelligence (AI).
The responsibility of enacting this local standard for LLMs has been assigned to the China Electronic Standardisation Institute, operating under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. To ensure the standard's effectiveness, prominent Chinese tech companies, including Baidu, Huawei, 360 Security, and Alibaba have formed a special task force dedicated to developing the new LLM standard.
The creation of a national standard for LLMs in China aligns with the government's strategy to regulate and harness the potential of AI across various industries. By implementing a standardized framework, China aims to promote responsible and controlled development and deployment of AI technologies. The forthcoming national standard will likely encompass guidelines and regulations for the development, training, and application of LLMs, which have emerged as powerful language processing models widely used in natural language understanding and generation tasks.
Source: South China Morning Post
Launched: Global Alliance on Artificial Intelligence for Industry and Manufacturing
At the sixth World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC), UNIDO, Huawei, and other partners officially launched on July 6, 2023 the “Global Alliance on Artificial Intelligence for Industry and Manufacturing” (AIM Global).
Led by UNIDO, AIM Global will integrate public and private partners to foster the use of and innovation around AI in industry and manufacturing.
Addressing the WAIC audience during the opening ceremony, Mr. Gerd Müller UNIDO Director General, said: “It is our shared responsibility to ensure that advancements in the field of AI are made in a manner that is safe, ethical, sustainable and inclusive. AIM Global recognizes the importance of bridging the digital divide between nations and industries, and ensuring that no one is left behind in the AI revolution. AIM Global will be at the forefront of shaping the AI landscape. Let us work collaboratively to build a future where AI is a force for good, where its benefits are accessible to all, and where innovation thrives in harmony with our shared values.”
Source: CXO Today
Eliassi-Rad Receives Prestigious Lagrange Prize-CRT Foundation for AI Research
Dr. Tina Eliassi-Rad is the winner of the esteemed Lagrange Prize-CRT Foundation.
This prestigious honor recognizes her significant contributions to the field of complex systems and data, specifically her extensive research on artificial intelligence (AI) and its societal impact.
The CRT Foundation, which has been presenting the Lagrange Prize for 15 years, commends Eliassi-Rad for her insightful exploration of fundamental questions concerning the responsibility and consequences of technological advancements in our everyday lives.
One of Eliassi-Rad's primary objectives is to ensure that individuals from diverse backgrounds comprehend the implications of AI in their lives. She strongly believes in the necessity of educating people of all ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds about the far-reaching effects of AI. Eliassi-Rad emphasizes the importance of educating not only undergraduate students but also the broader population, as AI is an integral part of complex systems, and it is crucial for individuals to grasp its impact as members of society.
Moreover, Eliassi-Rad has conducted influential research on the role of technology in destabilizing democratic systems, both within the United States and globally. She highlights the significance of social media, a crucial component of complex systems, in creating destabilizing feedback loops. When algorithms connect dissatisfied individuals with socioeconomic and political systems, it can lead to instability in democratic systems. Eliassi-Rad emphasizes the importance of transparency in this context and cautions against the susceptibility of people to demagogues when complex systems become unstable.
Born in the United States and raised in Iran, Eliassi-Rad firmly believes in equal education and opportunities for individuals of all races and genders. Eliassi-Rad underscores the interconnectedness of AI technologies with broader complex systems, emphasizing the need for inclusive education and opportunities to harness talent from diverse backgrounds.
Source: https://news.northeastern.edu/2023/07/07/ethical-concerns-of-ai/
(A confession: Some help from a machine was taken in writing this newsletter.)
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